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1.
Rev. esp. quimioter ; 37(2): 170-175, abr. 2024. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231651

RESUMO

Introducción. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron conocer la prevalencia de infecciones por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina (SARM) en la población pediátrica de nuestro departamento de salud, describir los factores de riesgo para infección por SARM frente a las producidas por S. aureus sensible a meticilina (SASM) y conocer el perfil de sensibilidad antibiótica de los aislados de SARM y SASM. Pacientes y métodos. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo descriptivo y analítico de las infecciones producidas por SARM frente a las producidas por SASM durante los años 2014 al 2018. Se estudiaron las variables predictoras de SARM mediante un modelo de regresión logística binaria. Resultados. Se identificaron 162 pacientes con infecciones por S. aureus, 15,4% resistentes a meticilina. Los porcentajes mayores de infección por SARM se dieron entre los niños que precisaron ingreso hospitalario (23,4%). En el análisis univariante alcanzaron significación estadística la necesidad de ingreso hospitalario, el antecedente de haber recibido tratamiento antibiótico en los 3 meses previos, el tipo de infección y el antecedente de infección o colonización previa por SARM. En el modelo de regresión logística la necesidad de ingreso hospitalario y el tratamiento antibiótico reciente mantuvieron significación estadística. Solo recibieron tratamiento antibiótico correcto el 26,7% de los niños que ingresaron con infección por SARM. Conclusiones. Nuestros resultados sugieren la necesidad de revisar las pautas de tratamiento empírico usando fármacos activos frente a SARM en las infecciones de probable origen estafilocócico que ingresen en el hospital en niños sobre todo si han recibido tratamiento antibiótico reciente. (AU)


Introduction. The objectives of this work were to know the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections in the paediatric population of our health department, to describe the risk factors for infection by MRSA compared to those produced by methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and to know the antibiotic sensitivity profile of MRSA and MSSA isolates. Material and methods. A retrospective, descriptive and analytical study of infections produced by MRSA versus those produced by MSSA was carried out during the years 2014 to 2018. Risk factors for MRSA infection were studied using a binary logistic regression model. Results, 162 patients with S. aureus infections were identified. Of these, 25 (15.4%) were MRSA. The highest percentages of MRSA infection occurred among children who required hospital admission (23.4%). In the univariate analysis the need of hospital admission, antibiotic treatment in the last 3 months, the kind of infection and past MRSA infection or colonisation reached statistical significance. However, only the need of hospital admission and antibiotic treatment in the last 3 months maintained statistical significance in the binary logistic regression model. Correct antibiotic treatment was only prescribed in 26.7% of the MRSA infection cases admitted to the hospital. Conclusions. Our results suggest the need to review empirical local treatment regimen using drugs active against MRSA in infections of probable staphylococcal origin admitted to the hospital, especially if they have received antibiotic treatment in the last 3 months. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Staphylococcus aureus , Resistência a Meticilina , Fatores de Risco , Prevalência , Hospitalização , Estudos Retrospectivos , Epidemiologia Descritiva
2.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36646588

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The increase in sexually transmitted infections (STI) caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) worldwide, together with the decrease in antibiotic susceptibility, forced us to understand the epidemiology of gonococcal infection. METHODS: The GONOvig project analyzed, comparatively following CLSI and EUCAST criteria, the antibiotic susceptibility of 227 NG strains collected in thirteen representative hospitals of the Valencia Community (CV) between 2013 and 2018. Additionally, molecular typing of 175 strains using the NG multi-antigen sequence typing technique (NG-MAST) was performed. RESULTS: High rates of resistance to tetracycline (38.2% by CLSI and 50.9% by EUCAST) and ciprofloxacin (49.1% CLSI and 54% EUCAST), and low percentages of resistance to spectinomycin (0%), cefixime (0.5% CLSI but 5.9% EUCAST), and ceftriaxone (1.5% CLSI and 2.4% EUCAST) were detected. Azithromycin resistance was 6% (both CLSI and EUCAST). Molecular analysis revealed the presence of 86 different sequence types (ST), highlighting ST2992 (7.4%), ST3378 (6.9%), ST2400 (4.6%) and ST13288 (6.9%), which was associated with resistance to cefixime (P=.031). The main genogroups (G) were G1407 (13.1%), G2992 (10.3%), G2400 (6.3%) and G387 (3.4%). G1407 and G2400 were associated with resistance to ciprofloxacin (P<.03). CONCLUSION: Low resistance to ceftriaxone, a worrying resistance to azithromycin and a wide variety of circulating sequence types have been detected, some of which show correlation with certain resistance profiles.


Assuntos
Gonorreia , Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Humanos , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/genética , Cefixima/farmacologia , Ceftriaxona/farmacologia , Azitromicina , Espanha/epidemiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Gonorreia/epidemiologia , Ciprofloxacina/farmacologia , Genótipo
3.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-230266

RESUMO

Introducción: El aumento de las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) producidas por Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) a nivel mundial, junto con la disminución de la susceptibilidad antibiótica, obliga a profundizar en la epidemiología de la infección gonocócica (IG). Métodos: El proyecto GONOvig analizó, comparativamente siguiendo criterios CLSI y EUCAST, la sensibilidad antibiótica de 227 cepas de NG recogidas en trece hospitales representativos de la Comunidad Valenciana (CV) entre los años 2013 y 2018. Adicionalmente, se pudo realizar la tipificación molecular de 175 cepas mediante la técnica NG multi-antigen sequence typing (NG-MAST). Resultados: Se detectaron elevadas tasas de resistencia a tetraciclina (38,2% por CLSI y 50,9% por EUCAST) y ciprofloxacino (49,1% CLSI y 54% EUCAST), y bajos porcentajes de resistencia a espectinomicina (0%), cefixima (0,5% CLSI pero 5,9% EUCAST) y ceftriaxona (1,5% CLSI y 2,4% EUCAST). La resistencia a azitromicina fue de 6% (tanto CLSI como EUCAST). El análisis molecular reveló la presencia de 86 secuenciotipos (ST) distintos, destacando el ST2992 (7,4%), ST3378 (6,9%), ST2400 (4,6%) y ST13288 (6,9%) el cual presentaba asociación con resistencia a cefixima (p = 0,031). Los genogrupos (G) mayoritarios fueron el G1407 (13,1%), G2992 (10,3%), G2400 (6,3%) y G387 (3,4%); G1407 y G2400 mostraron asociación con resistencia a ciprofloxacino (p < 0,03). Conclusión: Se ha detectado una baja resistencia a ceftriaxona, una preocupante resistencia a azitromicina y una gran variedad de ST circulantes, algunos de los cuales presentan correlación con determinados perfiles de resistencia.(AU)


Introduction: The increase in sexually transmitted infections (STI) caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) worldwide, together with the decrease in antibiotic susceptibility, forced us to understand the epidemiology of gonococcal infection. Methods: The GONOvig project analyzed, comparatively following CLSI and EUCAST criteria, the antibiotic susceptibility of 227 NG strains collected in thirteen representative hospitals of the Valencia Community (CV) between 2013 and 2018. Additionally, molecular typing of 175 strains using the NG multi-antigen sequence typing technique (NG-MAST) was performed. Results: High rates of resistance to tetracycline (38.2% by CLSI and 50.9% by EUCAST) and ciprofloxacin (49.1% CLSI and 54% EUCAST), and low percentages of resistance to spectinomycin (0%), cefixime (0.5% CLSI but 5.9% EUCAST), and ceftriaxone (1.5% CLSI and 2.4% EUCAST) were detected. Azithromycin resistance was 6% (both CLSI and EUCAST). Molecular analysis revealed the presence of 86 different sequence types (ST), highlighting ST2992 (7.4%), ST3378 (6.9%), ST2400 (4.6%) and ST13288 (6.9%), which was associated with resistance to cefixime (p = 0.031). The main genogroups (G) were G1407 (13.1%), G2992 (10.3%), G2400 (6.3%) and G387 (3.4%). G1407 and G2400 were associated with resistance to ciprofloxacin (p < 0.03). Conclusión: Low resistance to ceftriaxone, a worrying resistance to azithromycin and a wide variety of circulating sequence types have been detected, some of which show correlation with certain resistance profiles.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/genética , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Antibacterianos , Microbiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis , Espanha , Estudos Prospectivos
4.
Rev. esp. quimioter ; 35(2): 171-177, abr.-mayo 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-205327

RESUMO

Introduction. Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) is a common cause of bacterial keratitis in certain geographic areas. Ahigh percentage of resistance to methicillin is shown, whichgives it cross resistance to beta-lactams and sometimes resistance to other antibacterial groups. We analyzed clinical andmicrobiological variables in patients with infectious keratitisdue to SE.Methods. Medical records of 43 patients with suspected infectious keratitis and microbiological confirmation for SE,between October 2017 and October 2020, were retrospectively studied. Clinical characteristics (risk factors, size of lesions,treatment, evolution) and microbiological (susceptibility toantibiotics) were analyzed, and groups of patients with methicillin-resistant (MRSE) and methicillin-susceptible (MSSE)infection were compared.Results. MRSE was present in 37.2% of infectious keratitis. All isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid.Rates of resistance to tetracyclines and ciprofloxacin were50% and 56% in the MRSE group, and 11% and 7% in theMSSE group. The clinical characteristics, including size of lesion, visual axis involvement, inflammation of anterior chamber, presence of risk factors and follow-up time, did not showstatistically significant differences between groups.Conclusions. MRSE is a common cause of infectious keratitis caused by SE and shows a high rate of multidrug resistance. Clinically, it does not differ from MSSE keratitis. Additional work is needed to confirm these findings (AU)


Introducción. Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) es unacausa frecuente de queratitis bacteriana en ciertas áreas geográficas. Presenta un alto porcentaje de resistencia a meticilina, lo que confiere resistencia cruzada a beta-lactámicos y enalgunas ocasiones también resistencia a otros grupos de antibacterianos. Analizamos variables clínicas y microbiológicas enpacientes con queratitis infecciosa por SE.Métodos. Se analizaron retrospectivamente las historiasclínicas de 43 pacientes con sospecha de queratitis infecciosa yconfirmación microbiológica para SE, entre octubre de 2017 yoctubre de 2020. Se analizaron las características clínicas (factores de riesgo, tamaño de las lesiones, tratamiento, evolución)y microbiológicas (susceptibilidad a antibióticos) y se compararon grupos de pacientes con infección resistente (MRSE) ysensible a meticilina (MSSE).Resultados. El 37,2% de las queratitis fueron por MRSE.Todos los aislados fueron sensibles a vancomicina y linezolid.Las tasas de resistencia a tetraciclinas y ciprofloxacino fueron50% y 56% en el grupo de MRSE, y 11% y 7% en el grupode MSSE. Las características clínicas, incluido el tamaño de lalesión, la afectación del eje visual, la inflamación de la cámaraanterior, la presencia de factores de riesgo y el tiempo de seguimiento, no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos.Conclusiones. MRSE es una causa frecuente de las queratitis infecciosas producidas por SE y presenta una alta tasade resistencia a múltiples fármacos. Clínicamente, no muestradiferencias clínicas con la queratitis por MSSE. Se necesitantrabajos adicionales para confirmar estos hallazgos. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Ceratite , Staphylococcus epidermidis , Meticilina , Registros Médicos , beta-Lactamas
5.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 37(7): 454-457, ago.-sept. 2019. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-189362

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The AMR Direct Flow Chip assay allows the simultaneous detection of a large variety of antibiotic resistance genetic markers. To assess this kit's performance, we use isolated colonies as starting material. The assay has been approved by the European Economic Area as a suitable device for in vitro diagnosis (CE IVD) using clinical specimens. METHODS: A total of 210 bacterial isolates harbouring either one or more antimicrobial resistance genes including plasmid-encoded extended-spectrum β-lactamases (SHV, CTX-M) and carbapenemases (GES, SME, KPC, NMC/IMI, SIM, GIM, SPM, NDM, VIM, IMP, and OXA), mecA, vanA and vanB, and 30 controls were included. RESULTS: The assay displayed a sensitivity and specificity of 100% for all target genes included in the array. CONCLUSION: The AMR Direct Flow Chip Kit is an accurate assay for detecting genes which commonly confer resistance to β-lactams and vancomycin from isolated colonies in culture of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria


INTRODUCCIÓN: El ensayo "AMR Direct Flow Chip Kit" permite detectar simultáneamente la presencia de una gran variedad de marcadores genotípicos de resistencia bacteriana. Evaluamos su rendimiento utilizando colonias aisladas como material de partida. El ensayo aludido ha sido aprobado por el Área Económica Europea como un dispositivo adecuado para el diagnóstico in vitro (CE IVD) utilizando muestras clínicas. MÉTODOS: El estudio ha incluido 210 aislados bacterianos con uno o más genes de resistencia a los antimicrobianos, incluidos genes plasmídicos que codifican β-lactamasas de espectro extendido (SHV y CTX-M) y carbapenemasas (GES, SME, KPC, NMC/IMI, SIM, GIM, SPM, NDM, VIM, IMP y OXA), mecA, vanA y vanB, y 30 controles. RESULTADOS: El ensayo mostró una sensibilidad y especificidad del 100% para todos los genes diana incluidos en la matriz. CONCLUSIÓN: El «AMR Direct Flow Chip Kit» es un ensayo fiable para la detección de genes que comúnmente confieren resistencia a β-lactámicos y vancomicina en bacterias grampositivas y gramnegativas a partir de colonias aisladas en cultivo


Assuntos
DNA Bacteriano/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/genética , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/genética , beta-Lactamases/genética , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/isolamento & purificação , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Técnicas In Vitro
6.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30857832

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The AMR Direct Flow Chip assay allows the simultaneous detection of a large variety of antibiotic resistance genetic markers. To assess this kit's performance, we use isolated colonies as starting material. The assay has been approved by the European Economic Area as a suitable device for in vitro diagnosis (CE IVD) using clinical specimens. METHODS: A total of 210 bacterial isolates harbouring either one or more antimicrobial resistance genes including plasmid-encoded extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (SHV, CTX-M) and carbapenemases (GES, SME, KPC, NMC/IMI, SIM, GIM, SPM, NDM, VIM, IMP, and OXA), mecA, vanA and vanB, and 30 controls were included. RESULTS: The assay displayed a sensitivity and specificity of 100% for all target genes included in the array. CONCLUSION: The AMR Direct Flow Chip Kit is an accurate assay for detecting genes which commonly confer resistance to ß-lactams and vancomycin from isolated colonies in culture of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.


Assuntos
DNA Bacteriano/genética , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos/genética , Genes Bacterianos , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/genética , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/genética , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Kit de Reagentes para Diagnóstico , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla/genética , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/microbiologia , Humanos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Vancomicina/farmacologia , Resistência beta-Lactâmica/genética , beta-Lactamases/genética
7.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 29(supl.6): 28-32, dic. 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-105860

RESUMO

La respuesta inmunitaria T frente al citomegalovirus (CMV) es esencial en el control de la replicación viral. La cuantificación de linfocitos T CD4+ y T CD8+ funcionales frente a ciertas especificidades antigénicas del CMV mediante citometría de flujo, ELISPOT o el método comercializado QuantiFERON®-CMV permite estimar con relativa precisión el riesgo de infección activa y enfermedad por el CMV en el marco del trasplante de órgano sólido (TOS). La monitorización virológica e inmunológica conjunta de la infección por el CMV podría permitir individualizar y optimizar los tratamientos antivirales en el TOS, aunque no hay experiencia clínica contrastada al respecto. La transferencia adoptiva de células T autólogas específicas frente al CMV, previa selección con multímeros HLA-péptidos o después de ser activadas y expandidas ex vivo, puede ser una alternativa terapéutica eficaz en el manejo de la infección activa o enfermedad orgánica por el CMV refractario al tratamiento antiviral. Se han desarrollado varias vacunas frente al CMV que se han mostrado seguras e inmunogénicas en ensayos preclínicos o clínicos fase I, pero hasta el momento ninguna ha sido evaluada en ensayos clínicos fase III, por lo que no están licenciadas para uso clínico (AU)


T-cell response to cytomegalovirus (CMV) is essential in the control of viral replication. Quantification of functional CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes against certain CMV-antigen specificities through flow cytometry, ELISPOT or the QuantiFERON®-CMV kit allows fairly accurate estimation of the risk of active infection and CMV disease in solid organ transplantation (SOT). Combined virological and immunological monitoring of CMV infection could allow antiviral treatments to be individually tailored and optimized in SOT, although clinical experience is currently lacking. The adoptive transfer of CMV-specific T cells before selection with multimer HLA peptides or after activation and expansion ex vivo could be an effective therapeutic alternative in the management of active infection or organic CMV disease refractory to antiviral therapy. Several CMV vaccines have been developed, which have been shown to be safe and immunogenic in preclinical and Phase I clinical trials. However, to date, none of these vaccines has been evaluated in Phase III clinical trials and consequently none has been approved for clinical use (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/imunologia , Transplante de Órgãos/efeitos adversos , Testes Imunológicos/métodos , Imunidade Celular , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Contagem de Linfócitos/métodos , Transferência Adotiva , Vacinas contra Citomegalovirus/administração & dosagem
8.
Rev. iberoam. micol ; 28(2): 91-99, abr.-jun. 2011.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-129021

RESUMO

Antecedentes. Recientemente se ha observado un incremento de las fungemias causadas por especies diferentes de Candida albicans y una disminución de la sensibilidad de los microorganismos responsables al fluconazol. Objetivos. Evaluar la epidemiología y la sensibilidad al fluconazol de los casos de fungemia en España en 2009, comparando los resultados con los obtenidos entre los años 1997-1999 (Pemán J, et al. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2005). Métodos. Estudio prospectivo multicéntrico con 44 centros participantes realizado desde enero de 2009 a febrero de 2010. Los aislamientos fúngicos procedentes de hemocultivo fueron recogidos en cada centro, donde se realizó el estudio de sensibilidad antifúngica mediante microdilución colorimétrica (Sensititre Yeast One). Resultados. Desde enero de 2009 a febrero de 2010 se recogieron 1.377 aislamientos en hemocultivos, correspondientes a 1.357 episodios de fungemia. Las fungemias se observaron principalmente en mayores de 64 años (46,7%) y el 8,6% en menores de 1 año. C. albicans (44,7%), Candida parapsilosis (29,1%), Candida glabrata (11,5%), Candida tropicalis (8,2%) y Candida krusei (1,9%) fueron las especies más frecuentes, pero su distribución no fue geográficamente homogénea. En los últimos 10 años la incidencia de C. albicans ha aumentado significativamente en Cataluña (39,1 vs. 54,7%, P=0,03) y reducido en la Comunidad Valenciana (49,1 vs. 34,6%, P=0,01). C. parapsilosis ha disminuido en Cataluña (29 vs. 12,4%, P=0,002) y Extremadura (58,3 vs. 20%, P=0,01). La sensibilidad a fluconazol fue similar en toda España pero en los aislamientos de C. albicans la resistencia fue diez veces superior en mayores de 64 años. Sin embargo, la tasa de resistencia (CMI > 32 mg/L) global ha disminuido con respecto a la obtenida hace 10 años (3,7 vs. 2,5% actual), sobre todo en C. albicans (3 vs. 1,6%). Conclusiones. En los últimos 10 años la distribución de las especies causantes de fungemia en España y la sensibilidad al fluconazol no han variado significativamente, aunque se observa una menor tasa de resistencia. La distribución de las especies varía según la unidad de hospitalización, hospital y Comunidad Autónoma(AU)


Background. Recent epidemiological surveillance studies have reported an increase in fungaemia caused by non-Candida albicans species, as well as a decrease in fluconazole susceptibility. Objectives. To evaluate changes in the epidemiology of fungaemia in Spain comparing data from a new surveillance epidemiological study conducted in 2009 with a previous study carried out from 1997 to 1999 (Pemán J, et al. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2005). Methods. From January 2009 to February 2010, 44 Spanish hospitals participated in a prospective multicentre fungaemia surveillance study to ascertain whether there have been changes in the epidemiology and fluconazole susceptibility. Susceptibility was determined by the colorimetric method Sensititre Yeast One. Demographic and clinical data and the first isolate of each episode were gathered. Results. A total of 1,377 isolates from 1,357 fungaemia episodes were collected, 46.7% from patients older than 64years and 8.6% from children less than 1 year old. C. albicans (44.7%), Candida parapsilosis (29.1%), Candida glabrata (11.5%), Candida tropicalis (8.2%), and Candida krusei (1.9%) were the most frequent species isolated. Distribution varied with the geographical area. C. albicans incidence has increased significantly in the last 10years in Cataluña (39.1 vs. 54.7%, P =0.03) and decreased in the Valencian Community (49.1 vs. 34.6%, P =0.002) and Extremadura (58.3 vs. 20%, P =0.01). Susceptibility to fluconazole was similar for all geographical areas, although resistance in C. albicans was ten times greater for patients aged more than 64years. The overall rate of fluconazole resistance (MIC > 32 mg/L) has decreased with respect to that obtained 10years ago (3.7 vs. 2.5%) mainly in C. albicans (3 vs. 1.6%). Conclusions. In the last ten years, species distribution and fluconazole susceptibility have not significantly changed, although a lower rate of fluconazole resistance has been observed. Species distribution varies with hospital, hospitalization Unit and geographical area(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Fungemia/epidemiologia , Fluconazol , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Colorimetria/métodos , Colorimetria , Candida albicans/isolamento & purificação , Fungemia/microbiologia , Fungemia/virologia , Fluconazol/isolamento & purificação , Técnicas e Procedimentos Diagnósticos , Estudos Prospectivos , 28599 , Fatores de Risco
9.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin ; 29 Suppl 6: 28-32, 2011 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22541919

RESUMO

T-cell response to cytomegalovirus (CMV) is essential in the control of viral replication. Quantification of functional CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes against certain CMV-antigen specificities through flow cytometry, ELISPOT or the QuantiFERON-CMV kit allows fairly accurate estimation of the risk of active infection and CMV disease in solid organ transplantation (SOT). Combined virological and immunological monitoring of CMV infection could allow antiviral treatments to be individually tailored and optimized in SOT, although clinical experience is currently lacking. The adoptive transfer of CMV-specific T cells before selection with multimer HLA peptides or after activation and expansion ex vivo could be an effective therapeutic alternative in the management of active infection or organic CMV disease refractory to antiviral therapy. Several CMV vaccines have been developed, which have been shown to be safe and immunogenic in preclinical and Phase I clinical trials. However, to date, none of these vaccines has been evaluated in Phase III clinical trials and consequently none has been approved for clinical use.


Assuntos
Infecções por Citomegalovirus/imunologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/terapia , Imunoterapia , Monitorização Imunológica , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/sangue , Humanos , Linfócitos T
10.
Pediatr Infect Dis J ; 30(5): 447-8, 2011 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21076363

RESUMO

Achalasia is a common adult disorder that rarely manifests in children and infrequently can be associated with pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria infections. We describe here the first case of Mycobacterium goodii pulmonary infection associated with achalasia in a pediatric patient. Heller myotomy with Dor fundoplication and 12 months of treatment with ciprofloxacin and doxycycline resulted in complete clinical and radiologic improvement.


Assuntos
Broncopneumonia/complicações , Broncopneumonia/diagnóstico , Acalasia Esofágica/diagnóstico , Infecções por Mycobacterium/complicações , Infecções por Mycobacterium/diagnóstico , Mycobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Broncopneumonia/tratamento farmacológico , Broncopneumonia/microbiologia , Ciprofloxacina/administração & dosagem , Doxiciclina/administração & dosagem , Acalasia Esofágica/cirurgia , Feminino , Fundoplicatura , Humanos , Infecções por Mycobacterium/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Mycobacterium/microbiologia , Radiografia Torácica , Resultado do Tratamento
11.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 25(supl.3): 66-71, oct. 2007.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-177551

RESUMO

Se han descrito 6 genotipos y hasta 80 subtipos del virus de la hepatitis C (VHC). El conocimiento del genotipo infectante es crucial para tratar adecuadamente al paciente. El método de referencia para la tipificación molecular del VHC es la secuenciación completa del genoma viral y su posterior análisis filogenético. Sin embargo, esta posibilidad no está al alcance de la mayoría de los laboratorios hospitalarios. Existen varios métodos alternativos comercializados; los de uso más extendido se basan en el análisis de la región 5'UTR mediante amplificación y posterior secuenciación directa (TRUGENE 5'NC Genotyping Kit; Visible Genetics, Toronto, Ontario, Canadá) o hibridación inversa de los amplicones con sondas dispuestas en línea sobre membrana-LiPA(INNO-LiPA HCV I/II/ VERSANT HCV Genotype Assay 1.0; Innogenetics, N.V., Zwijnaarde, Bayer Healthcare, Bélgica). Los resultados obtenidos con estos ensayos son generalmente superponibles; identifican correctamente los genotipos en un 95-100% (clasifican algunos genotipos 4 y 6 como genotipos 1), pero su índice de acierto es menor (70-85%) con los subtipos, particularmente 1a,1b, 2a/2c y 4a/4c. Existe una nueva generación de pruebas comercializadas con mejores prestaciones: GEN-ETI-K DEIA kit (Sorin, Saluggia, Italy) que analiza la región core; TRUGENE NS5B Genotyping Assay (Bayer Healhcare, Bélgica), la región NS5B; Real Time HCV Genotyping Test (Abbott, MS) las regiones 5'UTR y la NS5B y VERSANT 2.0 (Bayer), las regiones 5'UTR y core; estos ensayos son muy certeros en la determinación del genotipo y de la mayoría de subtipos conflictivos, particularmente 1a y 1b


Six genotypes and up to 80 subtypes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been described. Knowledge of the infecting genotype is crucial for appropriate therapeutic management of HCV infection. Whole genome sequencing and subsequent phylogenetic analysis is the gold standard for HCV molecular typing; however, this procedure cannot be implemented in routine clinical laboratories. A number of alternative methods have been commercialized, the most widely used being those that target the 5'UTR region. In these assays, amplicons are first generated and then analyzed by direct sequencing (TRUGENE 5'NC genotyping kit; Visible Genetics, Toronto, Notario, Canada) or by reverse hybridization of amplicons with membrane immobilized line probes -LiPA- (INNO-LiPA HCV I/II/ VERSANT HCV genotype assay 1.0; Innogenetics, N.V., Zwijnaarde, Belgium/Bayer Healthcare). Both assays produce comparable results: the overall accuracy for genotype determination is 95-100% (a number of genotypes 4 and 6 are misclassified as genotype 1), but only 70-85% for subtyping (with frequent mistyping of subtypes 1a, 1b, 2a/2c, 4a/4c). A new generation of commercialized assays with better performance is currently available: GEN-ETI-K DEIA kit (Sorin, Saluggia, Italy), which analyzes the core region, TRUGENE NS5B genotyping assay (Bayer Healhcare) for the NS5B region, RealTime HCV Genotyping Test (Abbott, MS) for both 5'UTR and NS5B regions and VERSANT 2.0 (Bayer), both for the 5'UTR and core regions; these assays are highly accurate for genotype determination and typing of most difficult subtypes, particularly 1a and 1b


Assuntos
Humanos , Hepacivirus/isolamento & purificação , Hepatite C/diagnóstico , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , Hepacivirus/genética , Hepacivirus/patogenicidade , Hepatite C/genética , Amplificação de Genes , História Natural das Doenças
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